Membrane proteins (MPs) are proteins that are embedded in the cell membrane or the membrane of an intracellular organelle. As the gateway for the exchange of material, information and energy between cells and the surrounding environment, MPs play a vital role in the following physiological and biochemical activities:

1.Signal transduction;

2.Cross-membrane transport of substances;

3.Cell-to-cell communication and cell migration. Malfunction or dysfunction of MPs leads to numerous diseases.